So-called "Grande Ludovisi" sarcophagus, with battle scene between Roman soldiers and Germans. The main character is probably Ostilianus, Emperor Decius' son (d. 252 CE). Proconnesus marble, Roman artwork, ca. 250 CE.
The period of ancient art began when ancient civilizations developed a form of written language.
The great traditions in art have a foundation in the art of one of the six great ancient civilizations: Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, India, or China. Each of these centers of early civilization developed a unique and characteristic style in their art. Because of their size and duration these civilizations, more of their art works have survived and more of their influence has been transmitted to other cultures and later times. They have also provided us with the first records of how artists worked.
Ancient Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (i.e. Zeus' thunderbolt).
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